Willie Ga-achi anyi ozo

Download and listen to this wonderful song for Chief Willie Mmaduabuchukwu Obiano (Akpokuo Dike Global) by three Flora Azikiwe Model Comprehensive Secondary School Neni, Anaocha L.G.A, Anambra State. the song was titled "Willie Ga-achi anyi ozo"

Download here

D'face Your love ft Bryan

A new artist is born, "D'face" with his new track "Your love" featuring by "Bryan" and was produced by "ENDLESS".  The track was released on thursday 12th January, 2017.

Download the Mp3 track here. or the link below.

THE WORD "COMPUTER"

THE WORD "COMPUTER"

DEFINITION OF COMPUTER

ü It is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations.

ü It is also an electronic device for processing information.

ü Computer is an electronic machine that is capable of accepting data, processing data and brings out the result as information.

ü Computer is also an idiot machine, because it cannot work by its power.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

v Raw Data: It is a raw fact or unprocessed information that is yet to be processed.

v Electronic Device: Computer is regarded as an electronic device because the concept used in construction of computer is similar to the one used in construction of TV and Radio

v  Programs: They are the instructions that directs the computer on what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

v Input: It is keying in data into the computer system using the input device.

v Output: It is information brought out from the computer.

v Process: It is the act of processing data in order to get it ready for use.

v Storage: It is the act of keeping data for future use.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

v STORAGE CAPABILITY: a computer has the ability to store a large data or information which can be retrieved at any point in time.

v SPEED OF OPERATION: a computer has the ability to operate at a very high speed while processing data or information.

v ACCURACY OF RESULT: this is the ability or quality to produce result. That is to say that computer provides correct result during operate and cannot give inaccurate result. The operational jargon in computer is called Garbage in-Garbage out (GIGO), this means that computer’s output depends on the input.

v VERSATILITY IN APPLICATION: a computer has the quality of being used, operating, directing and controlling many things.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTER

Computer is classified into three namely;

·        Generations of computer

·        Size of the body

·        Classification based on mode of operation

Ø GENERATION  OF  COMPUTER; There  are  various  generation  of  computer  that  have  been  recorded. we  have  five  generation  of  computer  produced  between  1946  till date.

                FIRST  GENERATION  OF  COMPUTER: It  was  the  first  attempt  made  man  to invent  what  is  today  known  as  computer. It was invented between  1946 - 1954.

FEATURES

v It was developed with an electronic valve called vacuum tubes.

v It  was  slow  in  operation

v It  was  large  in  size

v It generates a lot of heat. E.g; Automatic Computer Engine [ACE], Electrical Numerical Integrated and calculation.

                SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER: A  scientist  led  by  William  Scholey  at  bell  laboratories  invented  a device  called  transistor. it  brought  a wonderful  change  in  the  computer  system by  replacing  the vacuum  tube with  transistor. It was introduced between 1955-1964.

FEATURES

v It   was   developed   with   a component called transistor.

v It   makes   use   of   high   languages.

v It   possesses   higher   speed   in   operation.

v It consumes less electricity. Eg.IBM  7070,ATLAS .ETC

    THIRD  GENERATION  OF  COMPUTER: it  is an  improvement  on  the second  generation  of  computer. It  made  use  component  called  INTEGRATED  CIRCUIT (IC)  which  consist  of  series  of  interconnected  transistors, resistors, capacitors, all attached  to  a  single  chip. It was developed between 1964-1971.             

FEATURES

v It works with integrated circuit(IC).

v They  are  more  powerful  and  reliable  than  that  of  first  generation computers.

v It was expensive.

v It gives rise to more development in hardware technology.

v It was second to the highest point of computer development in the standard form, then.

    FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER: An Engineer called Hoff conceived the idea of converting the integrated circuit to a single central chip called micro processor. The speed in ten times faster than the third generation of computer. It  brought  a  radical  change  in  the  technological  system  by  converting  the  entire  component  to  the  one  known  as  micro processor. It was manufactured between 1971 -1990’s.

FEATURES

v It  made  use  of  chip  called  micro  processor  as  memory.

v It leads to the standard use of software.

v It was more compact and portable.

    FIFTH  GENERATION  OF  A  COMPUTER : is  the  recent  computers  which  are  more  effective  than  the  earlier  computers. It   is the advanced form of computer system. it  is  the  advanced  and  supplicated   machine  that  reasons  like  human  being  during  operation. It  uses  what  is  called  micro  chip  as  processor  or  as  micro  processor[Artificial Intelligence].it  was  introduced   between 1990-2000.

                  

FEATURES

v It makes use of logical intelligence and artificial   intelligence.

v It process data in million cycles per second.

v Examples are Robot, pentium3, pentium4, duarcore, e.t.c.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER BASED ON THE SIZE OF BODY OR WORK DONE.

v Mainframe

v Mini computer

v Micro computer

·        MAIN FRAME

It is biggest and powerful of all the computers. It can perform complex work but it takes time, which is to say that the computer is slow. It uses vacuum tubes and big electronic component and it is as big as a house and very costly. It is mainly used by a big organization like NEPA, NITEL, communication centers or media that is a radio station .etc it generates a lot of heat and requires a cooling system for proper functioning.

·        MINI COMPUTER

It is a scaled down version of mainframe. It was introduced in 1965 and it belongs to the third generation of computers it possesses all the attribute of mainframe of computer but has a smaller storage capacity and costless when idea compelled with mainframe computer .It was all computer. It uses electronic instead of transistors and capacitors

·        MICRO COMPUTER

It is the latest in the development of computer. It can be seen as individual types of computer it is the smallest computer technology. It has C.P.U. (processor) and a small chip called an intelligent circuit (IC) it has capacitors/resistor as its components and the are very small not like vacuum tube. 

CHARACTERISTICS

v It is faster than above mentioned

v It is durable and portable

v It is cheap and generate less heat

TYPES OF MICRO COMPUTER

v Desktop micro computer

v Laptop micro computer

v Palmtop micro computer

v Notebook micro computer

ü DESKTOP

It is the type of computer usually placed on the desk while operating.

Types of micro-Desktop computer

o   Desk PRO.

o   Full tower or tower computer.

o   Mini tower.

Full tower: they are the type of desktop that the height of the C.P.U is higher than the monitor.

Minitower: they are the type that has the same height with the C.P.U and the monitor.

Palm-top: it is usually carried on palm while operating and the structure looks like calculator.

CLASSIFICATION OF BASED ON MODE OF OPERATION

Ø Analogue computer

Ø Digital computer

Ø Hybrid computer.

ANALOGUE COMPUTER

It is the type of computer that makes use of district variables. It does not have memory facilities it works with respond to pressure or waves vibration, it processes data in continuous signals. E.g; car speedometer, thermometer, measuring scale, fuel pump, analogue wrist watch, e.t.c.

DIGITAL COMPUTER

It is the type of computer that does not change with time, it provides accurate result it is a computer that processes data or information at a descript values of 0-9. E.g; calculator, computer keyboard, telephone keypad, e.t.c.

HYBRID

It is the type of computer that combines the features of analogue and digital computer, so we can say that it is the type of computer that can handle the analogue and digital at the same time hyper. E.g; stimulate guided missile system, modern designed aircraft. E.t.c. 

BASIC ELEMENT OF COMPUTER

o   HARDWARE

o   SOFTWARE

    HARDWARE

They are the physical component of a computer that is touchable and visible to handle e.g. system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, mother board, RAM and other peripherals.

COMPONENTS OF THE HARDWARE

v SYSTEM UNIT

v INPUT DEVICES

v OUTPUT DEVICES

v STORAGE DEVICES

SYSTEM UNIT

It is the unit that helps the system to manipulate. They are C.P.U, power supply unit and drives.

C.P.U

It is the basic unit of a computer that sends signals to input and output system, it is called brain or central coordinator.

C.P.U consists the following;

Processor unit

Memory

Control

Arithmetic

PROCESSOR UNIT

It is very small component that direct the activity of computer .it is the component that direct and control the system before sending the data to the output.

MEMORY UNIT

It is where the computer stores information.

INPUT DEVICE

It is where human readable languages are converted into computer readable language. It can also be seen as the process of entering data in the system. E.g; keyboard, scanning machine, mouse, memory card and the entire removable storage device.

OUTPUT DEVICE

It is where the computer readable language is converted into human readable language.it where already prepared information is brought out from the computer system E.g. Monitor, printer, speaker, e.t.c.

v MONITOR: it one of the output devices which display all the information/ data performed in the computer system. It is called Visual Display Unit (VDU).

Types

1.     Monochrome: black and white

2.     Colored monitor: it displays many colors.

COLORED TYPES

1. Enhance graphic adapter.

2. Video graphic adapter (VGA).

3. Super video graphic adapter (SVGA)

v PRINTER: it is the out put devices that are used to print out data or information in a hard copy.

Types of printer

1.     Low speed: it is the type of printer that prints data slowly e.g; impact, ink jet e.t.c.

2.     High speed printer: that is the type that prints when given a command. example, line printer, laser jet printer.

v SPEAKER: it helps on bringing out sound in computer when it is being connected to the system.

v STORAGE DEVICES: It is used in storing data/information for future use

TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

PRIMARY MEMORY: it is where data are kept temporary inside the computer during or before processing.

TYPES PRIMARY MEMORY

Random Access Memory(RAM)

Read Only Memory(ROM)

v RAM; it is where all the apps, programs, and data are stored during processing. It is volatile in nature which means (if there is a power failure the information can be lost or wiped out.

v ROM; it is where data is stored permanently. It is not volatile which means (if there is a power failure, the information can’t be wiped out or alter the content inside it.

SECONDARY MEMORY: They are computer memory that receives information or instruction for permanent storage. E.g. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drive, compact disk ROM, flash drive, Memory card.

SOFTWARE

It is a set of instruction that direct the activities of computer system in order to achieve a specific task. It is also a written program, designed to meet the essential need of the user.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

v  System software

v  Application software.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 It is a program that generally control or coordinate the activities of the computer system. It also provides the environment for the smooth running of the application software. Examples are operating system software and utility programs.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 These are software developed to accomplish a specific task. They are called application software because they apply to the computer wath ever the user wants. It enables the user to solve problems like typing, designing, analyse numbers. e.t.c.

TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

v   WORD PROCESSING PACKAGE: it allows the users to create, edit, and print text based document. E.g; Microsoft-word, word star, Microsoft perfect, VC-Read, e.t.c

v   ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET: it allows the users to work with raws and columbs of a data.it help to solve prombles that requires comparism, projection and calculation Example, Microsoft excel, Lotus 123, Quattro PRO e.t.c.

v    GRAPHICS: it is grouped into three;

A  Presentation graphic software: it is use to crease graphic based on data electronic spread sheet. E.g; PowerPoint.

B    Illustration Graphic software: it enable the user to inllustration design and produce art worth like calendars, invitation cards, jotter, e.t.c. Example; CorelDraw.

C   Computer Aided design: they are software that are used by architectures and engineer to produce technical and detailed drawing of a building plan, elevation of bridge, e.t.c. Example; AUTO-CAD, AUTO-SKETCH, e.t.c

COMPUTER VIRUS

It is a written program design to replicate and stays on its own which minder the efficiency of the computer system and damage the system soft ware. It can also be used purposely to fight against piracy.

 

TYPES OF COMPUTER VIRUS

  Boot sector virus: Is a virus that copy itself to boot a sector of computer system, thereby hindering the system to boot up to window.

  File sector virus: This is the type of virus that affects execution of file thereby hindering the proper function of the system.

COMMON VIRUS

v Brain virus

v Cookies

v Scores

v P.C stone/ marijuana

v Madonna

v Aids

v Randrops

v Data crime

v Friday the 13^th

v Happly birth day

v Jerusalem

v Avenger

v November 17^th00, e.t.c

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

v Ensure that system has anti-virus program. E.g; Dr. Solomon, Center point, Microsoft antivirus. E.t.c.

v Keep all program disk/diskette in a conducive environment.

MOUSE

This is the device that is used to direct the cursor around the screen, in the computer system for execution of command. It is use to select command like word, picture or icon on the computer quickly than the keyboard. It is one of the input devices.

                                  USES OF MOUSE

Ø POINTING: it means pointing the mouse pointer on a desired item.

Ø CLICKING: it means pressing and releasing either the left or the right button once, for execution of a command.

Ø DOUBLE CLICKIHG: pressing and releasing the left button of the mouse twice simultaneously in quick succession for execution of command.

Ø DRAGGING: it means holding down the left button of the mouse and on item and moving it to desire destination.   

           

KEYBOARD

It is one of the input devices that is used to key in data into the computer system.

CLASSIFICATION OF KEYBOARD

v ALPABETICAL KEYS: they are keys ranging form A-Z

v AUMERICAL KEYS: they are key numbers key starting from 0-9

v EDTING KEYS (DELETE AND BACK SPEACE): they are the key use to remove operation in computer system. E.g backspace and space bar.

v FUNCTIONING KEYS: they are the first set of alphanumerical keys  ranging from F1 – F2

v ENTER KEY: it is use to execute command, it is also used to start a new line while typing…..

v SHIFT KEY: it is use as a second functioning key which help to execute command. E.g; hold shift and press 2 to get @.

v CURSOR CONTROL KEYS: these are special keys which include the following %, #, *, +, c,) e.t.c.  They require shift key to function.

v ALLERNATE AND CONTROL KEY: it functions simultaneously with other keys to carry out operation.

v ARROW KEYS: it is use to direct the cursor around the screen. It is used instead of mouse.